走近南美洲（秘魯）系列文章DOING BUSINESS PERú秘魯營商環境（十）
2025-07-22Contributor供稿：秘魯Rodrigo, Elías & Medrano律師事務所
Chinese Translation中文翻譯：錦天城 王良 律師
China is Peru's main trading partner, the largest destination of exports and the main source of imports for Peru. Peru is China's second largest investment destination in South America. The two countries have established a comprehensive strategic partnership and signed a free trade agreement. In the next five to 10 years, Peru will become another destination for Chinese enterprises going global. More Chinese companies will enter Peru and expand into the broader South American market through Peru. AllBright Law is actively exploring the legal service market in South America, providing reliable host country legal service resources and doing legal research on various host countries for Chinese enterprises going to South America, so as to provide legal protection for serving China's high-level opening-up and the "the Belt and Road" strategy. To this end, AllBright Law, together with Rodrigo, El í as &Medrano Law firms in Peru, launched this Series of Articles on Peru Business Environment, including Peru's going global, Peru's corporate structures, Peru's promotion of investment and legal stability, operational legal environment, business winding up and restructuring a business.
中國是秘魯的主要貿易伙伴，是秘魯第一大出口目的地國，也是秘魯主要進口來源國。秘魯是中國在拉美的第二大投資目的地。兩國之間既建立全面戰略伙伴關系，又簽署了自由貿易協定。未來五到十年，秘魯將成為中國企業出海的另一片熱土，中國會有更多企業走向秘魯，并通過秘魯走向更廣闊的南美洲市場。錦天城積極開拓南美洲法律服務市場，向出海南美洲的中國企業提供可靠的東道國法律服務資源和做好國別法律研究等工作，為服務中國高水平對外開放和“一帶一路”戰略提供法律保障。為此，錦天城聯合秘魯Rodrigo, Elías & Medrano律師事務所，推出《秘魯營商環境》系列文章，介紹秘魯走向世界、秘魯公司架構、秘魯外國投資促進和法律穩定性、企業運營法律環境、停業和企業重整等內容。
Intellectual Property Trademarks
知識產權商標
Andean Community’s Resolution No. 486 and Legislative Order No. 1075, amended by Legislative Orders No. 1309 and No. 1397, govern the protection of distinctive signs in Peru.
安第斯共同體第486號決議和第1075號立法令，以及經第1309號和第1397號立法令修訂的第1309號和第1397號立法令規定了秘魯對顯著性標志的保護。
In Peru the right to the exclusive use of a trademark is acquired by registering it before INDECOPI Distinctive Sign Office.
在秘魯，商標專用權通過在國家知識產權保護競爭防御局（INDECOPI）下屬的顯著性標志局注冊獲得。
Any sign or mark that can be subject to graphic representation to distinguish products or services in the market can be registered as a trademark.
任何能以圖形方式表示并用于區分市場上產品或服務的標志，均可注冊為商標。
If the registration application of a mark is filed in compliance with all formalities required by law and no oppositions are filed, the procedure will last between two and three months approximately. If oppositions are filed, the procedure – at first instance – would take four to six months approximately. The decisions made by INDECOPI Distinctive Sign Office can be appealed at the Distinctive Sign Commission if they involve non-contentious proceedings (registrations that are denied ex officio) or at INDECOPI Intellectual Property Court in case of contentious proceedings.
若商標注冊申請符合法律規定的所有形式要求且無人提出異議，程序約需兩至三個月。若有人提出異議，則一審程序約需四至六個月。INDECOPI顯著性標志局的決定，如涉及非訟程序（如依職權駁回注冊），可向顯著性標志委員會申訴；如涉及爭議程序，則可向INDECOPI 知識產權法庭上訴。
The registration will be in force for ten years from the date it is granted and may be renewed for successive periods of ten years.
商標注冊自核準之日起有效期為十年，可連續續展，每次續展有效期十年。
The renewal of the registration of a trademark must be requested within six months before or after the expiration of the registration. Proof of use of the trademark is not required for renewal.
商標續展申請必須在注冊期滿 前六個月內或期滿后六個月內 提出。續展無需提供商標使用證明。
The registration of a trademark may be cancelled at the request of any interested person, if it has not been used in any of the member countries of the Andean Community (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador or Peru) during the three years prior to the filing date of the request for cancellation.
若一項商標注冊在申請撤銷之日前連續三年未在安第斯共同體任一成員國（玻利維亞、哥倫比亞、厄瓜多爾或秘魯）使用，任何利害關系人均可請求撤銷該注冊。
Commercial slogans, trade names, collective marks, certification marks and designations of origin are also considered distinctive signs subject to registration.
商業口號、商號、集體商標、證明商標和原產地名稱也屬于可注冊的顯著性標志。
Trade names are the only distinctive signs that are protected by their actual use in the Peruvian market, with registration being merely declarative.
商號是唯一僅通過在秘魯市場的實際使用即受保護的顯著性標志，其注冊僅具有宣告性效力。
Assignments, amendments and other acts affecting registered rights must be registered with the Distinctive Sign Office to be enforceable against third parties. The use license agreements may be registered.
影響已注冊商標權利的轉讓、變更及其他行為，必須在顯著性標志局登記后方能對抗第三人。商標使用許可協議可進行登記。
On the same way, by virtue of Legislative Order No. 1397, two new constitutive elements of Industrial Property were added: (i) geographical indications; and (ii) indications of traditional specialties guaranteed.
此外，根據第1397號立法令，工業產權增加了兩個新的構成要素：(1) 地理標志；以及 (2) 受保障的傳統特色標識。
This regulation states that indications of traditional specialties guaranteed are intended to protect traditional recipes and production or processing methods corresponding to traditional practice applicable to a product or food. Thus, added value is given to traditional products trading, production or processing; as well as their characteristics may be informed to consumers.
該法規規定，受保障的傳統特色標識旨在保護與特定產品或食品的傳統做法相對應的傳統配方及生產或加工方法。因此，傳統產品的貿易、生產或加工獲得了附加值；同時，消費者亦可了解其特性。
Patents and Industrial Designs
專利和工業外觀設計
Andean Community’s Resolution No. 486 and Legislative Order No. 1075, amended by Legislative Orders No. 1309 and No. 1397, govern the protection of new creations in Peru.
安第斯共同體第486號決議和經第1309號和第1397號立法令修訂的第1075號立法令適用于對秘魯創新成果的保護。
Patents for inventions are granted, whether for products or procedures, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve inventive steps, and are capable of industrial application. Uses and second uses cannot be patented. If the patent application is filed in compliance with all formalities required by law and no oppositions are filed, procedures will take approximately four years. If oppositions are filed, procedures will take about five to six years. The registration lasts 20 years from the date the application is filed.
在所有技術領域，無論是針對產品還是方法，只要具備新穎性、創造性和工業實用性，均可授予發明專利。用途和二次用途不可授予專利。若專利申請符合法律規定的所有形式要求且無人提出異議，程序約需四年。若有人提出異議，程序約需五至六年。專利保護期自申請日起算，為期二十年。
The right to exclusive use of an invention and new technologies is acquired by obtaining a patent before INDECOPI Inventions and New Technologies Office, the national agency responsible for granting and protecting patents. It has technical, administrative and operational autonomy to exercise the duties entrusted to it, and issues first-instance rulings on contentious and non- contentious issues submitted to it, including infringement actions, either at the request of a party or ex officio. Its decisions can be appealed before Inventions Commission and New Technologies Office in case of non-contentious proceedings (patents that are denied ex officio), or at INDECOPI Specialized Administrative Intellectual Property Court in case of contentious proceedings. Annual fees must be paid in order for the patent to remain in effect, or where applicable, to continue with the patent application process.
通過在 INDECOPI下屬的發明與新技術局（負責授予和保護專利的國家機構）獲得專利，即可取得發明及新技術的專用權。該局在技術、行政和運營上具有自主權，可應一方請求或依職權，對提交的爭議性和非爭議性問題（包括侵權訴訟）作出一審裁決。其決定如涉及非訟程序（如依職權駁回專利），可向發明與新技術委員會申訴；如涉及爭議程序，則可向 INDECOPI專門行政知識產權法庭上訴。為維持專利有效或繼續專利申請程序，須繳納年費。
Utility models, industrial designs and layout-designs of integrated circuits also can be protected. The registration of these creations is valid for a term of 10 years from the date the application is filed and cannot be renewed.
實用新型、工業品外觀設計和集成電路布圖設計亦可獲得保護。此類成果的注冊自申請日起有效期為十年，不可續展。
Transfers, amendments and other acts affecting patent rights must be registered with the Inventions and New Technologies Office to be enforceable against third parties.
影響專利權的轉讓、變更及其他行為，必須在發明與新技術局登記后方能對抗第三人。
Peru is a member of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) as of June 6, 2009. Additionally, Peru has executed agreements on Accelerated Patent Procedures with more than 20 countries including the Global PPH, to allow applicants for patents, with a positive patentability test or a registration grant patent in the countries parties to the agreements, to request the acceleration of their procedures in Peru, as long as certain requirements are complied with, such as that the claims of both applications are equivalent.
秘魯自2009年6月6日起成為《專利合作條約》（PCT）成員國。此外，秘魯還與包括參與全球專利審查高速路（Global PPH）在內的20多個國家簽署了專利加速審查程序協議。滿足特定要求（例如，兩份申請的權利要求實質對應）的專利申請人，若在協議成員國已獲得積極的專利性審查意見或已被授予專利權，即可請求在秘魯加速其專利申請程序。
Copyrights
版權
Andean Community’s Resolution No. 351 and Legislative Order No. 822 (Copyright Law, amended by Legislative Orders No. 1076) govern copyright protection in Peru. Copyright protection applies to any original intellectual creation of an artistic, scientific or literary nature, which can be disclosed or reproduced in any form.
安第斯共同體第351號決議和第822號立法令（《版權法》，經第1076號立法令修訂）規范秘魯的版權保護。版權保護適用于任何具有藝術、科學或文學性質的獨創性智力創作，無論其以何種形式公開或復制。
Registration is merely declarative. Solely by creating it, the author of the work has the original ownership of an exclusive right that is enforceable against third parties and includes moral and economic rights. The INDECOPI Copyright Office is the national administrative entity responsible for administrative monitoring and protection of copyrights and related rights in the first administrative instance. Meanwhile, the Intellectual Property Specialized Court of INDECOPI represents the second and the final administrative instances.
版權注冊僅具有宣告性效力。作品一經創作完成，作者即原始取得一項可對抗第三人的專有權，該權利包括精神權利和經濟權利。INDECOPI版權局 是國家行政機構，負責版權及相關權在 行政一審 中的監督與保護。同時，INDECOPI知識產權專門法庭負責行政二審（終審）。
團隊實習生華東政法大學國際金融法律學院連之惠亦有貢獻。
