走近南美洲（秘魯）系列文章DOING BUSINESS PERú秘魯營商環(huán)境（八）
2024-07-24Contributor供稿：秘魯Rodrigo, Elías & Medrano律師事務(wù)所
Chinese Translation中文翻譯：錦天城 王良 律師
China is Peru's main trading partner, the largest destination of exports and the main source of imports for Peru. Peru is China's second largest investment destination in South America. The two countries have established a comprehensive strategic partnership and signed a free trade agreement. In the next five to 10 years, Peru will become another destination for Chinese enterprises going global. More Chinese companies will enter Peru and expand into the broader South American market through Peru. AllBright Law is actively exploring the legal service market in South America, providing reliable host country legal service resources and doing legal research on various host countries for Chinese enterprises going to South America, so as to provide legal protection for serving China's high-level opening-up and the "the Belt and Road" strategy. To this end, AllBright Law, together with Rodrigo, El í as &Medrano Law firms in Peru, launched this Series of Articles on Peru Business Environment, including Peru's going global, Peru's corporate structures, Peru's promotion of investment and legal stability, operational legal environment, business winding up and restructuring a business.
中國是秘魯?shù)闹饕Q(mào)易伙伴，是秘魯?shù)谝淮蟪隹谀康牡貒彩敲佤斨饕M(jìn)口來源國。秘魯是中國在拉美的第二大投資目的地。兩國之間既建立全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，又簽署了自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。未來五到十年，秘魯將成為中國企業(yè)出海的另一片熱土，中國會(huì)有更多企業(yè)走向秘魯，并通過秘魯走向更廣闊的南美洲市場(chǎng)。錦天城積極開拓南美洲法律服務(wù)市場(chǎng)，向出海南美洲的中國企業(yè)提供可靠的東道國法律服務(wù)資源和做好國別法律研究等工作，為服務(wù)中國高水平對(duì)外開放和“一帶一路“戰(zhàn)略提供法律保障。為此，錦天城聯(lián)合秘魯Rodrigo, Elías & Medrano律師事務(wù)所，推出《秘魯營商環(huán)境》系類文章，介紹秘魯走向世界、秘魯公司架構(gòu)、秘魯外國投資促進(jìn)和法律穩(wěn)定性、企業(yè)運(yùn)營法律環(huán)境、停業(yè)和企業(yè)重整等內(nèi)容。
Consumer Protection and Product Liability 消費(fèi)者保護(hù)和產(chǎn)品責(zé)任
The Consumer Protection and Defense Code (Act No. 29571) guarantees consumer access to suitable products and services, and to effective mechanisms to protect their rights, and establishes several criteria to reduce information asymmetry to benefit consumers. Thus, it establishes supplier obligations and consumer rights, and includes rules regarding the information that must be provided to consumers, suitability of products and services, advertising requirements, consumer health and safety, contracts with consumers, and provisions regarding specific products or services.
《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》（第29571號(hào)法令）通過建立有效的機(jī)制保證消費(fèi)者可以獲得適當(dāng)?shù)漠a(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，明確對(duì)消費(fèi)者權(quán)利的保護(hù)，并建立了有利于消費(fèi)者的規(guī)則來減少信息的不對(duì)稱。該法還明確了供應(yīng)商的義務(wù)和消費(fèi)者權(quán)利，包括必須向消費(fèi)者提供的信息、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的適宜性、廣告要求、消費(fèi)者健康和安全、與消費(fèi)者簽訂合同以及關(guān)于特定產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)規(guī)定等的規(guī)則。
1. GENERAL RULES 總則
In Peru, Law No. 29571 - the Consumer Protection and Defense Code- establishes the rules for the protection and defense of consumer rights. It also regulates contracts with consumers and prohibits the use of coercive commercial methods, aggressive or misleading commercial methods and abusive collection methods.
在秘魯，《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》（第29571號(hào)法令）建立了保護(hù)與維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)利的規(guī)則。還規(guī)范了與消費(fèi)者簽訂合同的行為，并禁止使用脅迫商業(yè)手段、侵犯性的或誤導(dǎo)性的商業(yè)手段以及濫用收集手段。
The Consumer Protection Commission of INDECOPI is the competent national administrative authority responsible for verifying compliance with consumer protection regulations. Its decisions may be appealed before the Specialized Consumer Protection Chamber of the INDECOPI Court.
INDECOPI消費(fèi)者保護(hù)委員會(huì)是監(jiān)管消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法規(guī)遵守情況的國家行政主管機(jī)關(guān)。針對(duì)該委員會(huì)的決定，可以向INDECOPI法院專門消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法庭提起上訴。
Likewise, depending on the amount or matter in dispute, the Summary Proceedings Resolution Bodies are competent to rule on consumer protection matters in the first administrative instance. In these cases, the Consumer Protection Commission will review the decisions in second administrative instance.
如果根據(jù)爭(zhēng)議金額或問題性質(zhì)采用簡(jiǎn)易程序解決機(jī)制，可以在行政案件一審程序中對(duì)消費(fèi)者保護(hù)問題作出裁決。消費(fèi)者保護(hù)委員會(huì)將在行政案件二審程序中對(duì)案件的裁決進(jìn)行審查。
The Consumer Protection and Defense Code protects consumers in a “consumer relationship” or in a preliminary stage thereof. It applies to: (i) any “consumption relationship” originating in Peruvian territory or producing effects in such territory (even if originating elsewhere); and, (ii) transactions not involving the payment of a consideration but having a commercial purpose aimed at promoting consumption.
《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》對(duì)屬于“消費(fèi)關(guān)系”或初步建立“消費(fèi)關(guān)系”的消費(fèi)者提供保護(hù)。它適用于：（i）任何產(chǎn)生于秘魯境內(nèi)或在境內(nèi)產(chǎn)生影響（即使其產(chǎn)生于其他地方）的“消費(fèi)關(guān)系”；和（ii）不涉及支付對(duì)價(jià)，但具有促進(jìn)消費(fèi)商業(yè)目的的交易。
For the purposes of the Code, consumers are understood as: (i) natural or legal persons who acquire, use or enjoy as final recipients of products or services for their own benefit or that of their family group, acting outside a business or professional activity; and (ii) suppliers are understood as natural or legal persons who habitually manufacture, process, handle, condition, mix, package, store, prepare, dispense or supply products or provide services of any nature to consumers.
該法的消費(fèi)者是指：（i）在商業(yè)或職業(yè)活動(dòng)之外，為自身或家庭利益而最終獲得、使用或受用產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的個(gè)體或法人；和（ii）供應(yīng)商是指：為消費(fèi)者制造、加工、處理、調(diào)節(jié)、混合、包裝、儲(chǔ)存、準(zhǔn)備、分發(fā)或提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)為業(yè)的個(gè)體或法人。
2. MAIN OBLIGATIONS主要義務(wù)
The Consumer Protection and Defense Code imposes two main obligations on sellers/service providers: i) information and ii) suitability, in relation to the goods or services provided.
《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》對(duì)銷售者/服務(wù)提供者規(guī)定了兩項(xiàng)主要義務(wù)：與所提供的商品或服務(wù)相關(guān)的信息以及適宜性。
i) Information: the supplier is obliged to provide the consumer with all relevant or material information so that the consumer may make a correct choice and use or consume the goods or services in an appropriate manner.
信息：供應(yīng)商有義務(wù)向消費(fèi)者提供所有相關(guān)的或重要的信息，以便讓消費(fèi)者做出正確的選擇，并以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞绞褂没蛳M(fèi)商品或服務(wù)。
The information provided by the supplier must be truthful, sufficient, easy to understand, appropriate, timely, easily accessible and in Spanish language.
供應(yīng)商提供的信息必須真實(shí)、充分、易懂、適當(dāng)、及時(shí)、容易獲得，并采用西班牙語言。
Relevant or material information means any information without which the consumption decision would not have been made or would have been made in substantially different terms. This information includes, for example, the following:
相關(guān)或重要的信息是指任何信息，如無該信息則消費(fèi)者不會(huì)做出消費(fèi)決策或做出實(shí)質(zhì)上不同的消費(fèi)決策。該信息包括的內(nèi)容舉例如下：
a) False or misleading information: by action or omission, information that may mislead an average consumer into making a transaction decision that he or she would not have made otherwise.
虛假或誤導(dǎo)信息：因故意或過失誤導(dǎo)一般消費(fèi)者做出其本不會(huì)作出的交易決策信息。
(b) Total price information: the price offered (or advertised) must include taxes, commissions, fees and any other applicable charges. It must be the total final price.
總價(jià)信息：報(bào)價(jià)（或廣告）的價(jià)格必須包含稅款、傭金、費(fèi)用及其他相關(guān)收費(fèi)。必須是最終價(jià)格。
c) Prices in local currency: prices displayed or advertised in a foreign currency (e.g. US dollars) will also be displayed or advertised in local currency, under the same conditions and with the same characters as those used with the foreign currency, and the exchange rate must be indicated.
當(dāng)?shù)刎泿艃r(jià)格：以外幣（如美元）顯示或刊登的價(jià)格，應(yīng)同時(shí)用當(dāng)?shù)刎泿棚@示或刊登，條件和文字應(yīng)與該外幣相同，并應(yīng)標(biāo)明匯率。
d) Payment methods: if there is any difference in price depending on the payment method, this information must be informed to the consumer in a visible and accessible way. Otherwise, the consumer will not be obliged to make any additional payment due to a difference in payment methods.
付款方式：如果根據(jù)付款方式的不同價(jià)格存在差異，該信息必須以醒目易懂的方式告知消費(fèi)者。否則，消費(fèi)者沒有義務(wù)因支付方式的不同而支付額外費(fèi)用。
The extent of relevant or material information to be provided to the consumer will depend on the nature of the goods or services offered. The Consumer Protection and Defense Code contains various provisions establishing the information to be provided to the consumer for certain types of goods and services.
向消費(fèi)者提供相關(guān)信息或重要信息的范圍取決于所提供的商品或服務(wù)的性質(zhì)。《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》有多項(xiàng)規(guī)定涉及就某些類型的商品和服務(wù)應(yīng)該向消費(fèi)者提供何種信息。
ii) Suitability: the “service supplier” has the obligation to provide the consumer with appropriate goods or services. Suitability is assessed by taking into account what the consumer expected when buying the goods or contracting the service (depending, for example, on what the seller or service provider offered, the natural and customary characteristics of the goods or services, the price) and what he or she actually got. Suitability is assessed according to the nature of the goods or services and their ability to satisfy the purpose for which they are sold.
適宜性：“服務(wù)提供者”有義務(wù)向消費(fèi)者提供適當(dāng)?shù)纳唐坊蚍?wù)。適當(dāng)性評(píng)估是通過考慮消費(fèi)者在購買商品或簽訂服務(wù)合同時(shí)的期望（例如，取決于賣方或服務(wù)提供者所提供的內(nèi)容、商品或服務(wù)的本質(zhì)和通常特性、價(jià)格因素）以及消費(fèi)者實(shí)際獲得的情況來確定。適當(dāng)性評(píng)估依據(jù)的是商品或服務(wù)性質(zhì)及其滿足銷售目的的能力。
The supplier is responsible for the suitability and quality of the goods and services offered, as well as for the authenticity of the marks and labels contained on the goods or services, and for any contradictory statements between the advertising and the product.
供應(yīng)商對(duì)其提供的商品和服務(wù)的適當(dāng)性和質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé)，對(duì)商品或服務(wù)上的標(biāo)志和標(biāo)簽的真實(shí)性負(fù)責(zé)，并對(duì)廣告與產(chǎn)品之間的任何不一致的宣稱負(fù)責(zé)。
The Consumer Protection and Defense Code prohibits consumer discrimination. The supplier may not discriminate against consumers because of race, sex, language, creed, opinion, economic status, or any other reason. Individual exclusion from a business establishment is prohibited, except in the case of disturbance of the security of the establishment or the serenity of the customer or any other similar reason.
《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》禁止歧視消費(fèi)者。供應(yīng)商不得因種族、性別、語言、信仰、觀點(diǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況或任何其他原因歧視消費(fèi)者。禁止將個(gè)人排除在營業(yè)場(chǎng)所之外，除非是基于擾亂營業(yè)場(chǎng)所安全或消費(fèi)者安寧或其他類似原因。
Different treatment of consumers must be due to objective and reasonable grounds. Preferential care in a business establishment should be subject to different factual situations that justify different treatment and there should be a proportion between the purpose and the different treatment granted.
對(duì)消費(fèi)者的差別待遇必須要有客觀和合理的理由。營業(yè)場(chǎng)所的優(yōu)惠待遇應(yīng)視不同的事實(shí)情形而定，以證明應(yīng)給予不同的待遇，并且在目的和所給予不同待遇之間符合比例原則。
3. GUARANTEES 擔(dān)保
The Consumer Protection and Defense Code establishes that there are three types of guarantees: legal, explicit and implicit.
《消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》規(guī)定有三種類型的擔(dān)保：法定、明示和默示。
a) Legal guarantee: imposed by law and applicable to certain goods and/or services that cannot be marketed or provided without such guarantee. In this sense, it is not possible to exclude such guarantee by agreement between the parties and it prevails over an explicit guarantee. (Legal guaranties are not imposed on optical products).
法定擔(dān)保：由法律規(guī)定并適用于某些商品和/或服務(wù)，沒有這種擔(dān)保就不能在市場(chǎng)上銷售或提供。當(dāng)事人之間不能通過協(xié)議排除這種擔(dān)保，并且它優(yōu)于明示擔(dān)保。（光學(xué)產(chǎn)品沒有規(guī)定法定擔(dān)保）。
b) Explicit guarantee: arises from the terms and conditions expressly offered by the “seller or service provider” to the consumer in a contract, label, advertising, invoice or any other means that may evidence what has been offered to the consumer. An explicit guarantee prevails over an implied guarantee.
明示擔(dān)保：產(chǎn)生于“賣方或服務(wù)提供者”在合同、標(biāo)簽、廣告、發(fā)票或任何其他可以證明提供給消費(fèi)者內(nèi)容的方式中，向消費(fèi)者明示提供的條款和條件。明示擔(dān)保優(yōu)于默示擔(dān)保。
c) Implied guarantee: exists when, in accordance with the silence of the “seller or supplier of services” or the agreements between the parties, the goods and/or services are understood to meet the foreseeable (expected) purposes and uses for which they have been acquired by the consumer taking into account, inter alia, the uses and customs of the market. In case there are no legal guarantees, an explicit or implicit guarantee will be applied.
默示擔(dān)保：存在于“賣方或服務(wù)提供者”的沉默或當(dāng)事人之間的協(xié)議，考慮到市場(chǎng)的使用和習(xí)慣等因素，認(rèn)為商品和/或服務(wù)滿足了消費(fèi)者購買商品和/或服務(wù)的可預(yù)見（預(yù)期）的目的和用途。如果沒有法定擔(dān)保，將適用明示或默示擔(dān)保。
The indication of exclusions or limitations to the guarantee cannot be unjustified or go against the nature of the good or service.
對(duì)擔(dān)保的排除或限制事項(xiàng)不能沒有理由或違背商品或服務(wù)的性質(zhì)。
4. BOOK OF COMPLAINTS 投訴記錄
Through Law No. 31435, published on March 22, 2022, the Consumer Protection and Defense Code was amended reducing the deadlines for addressing consumer claims and complaints. Thus, currently, the supplier must address any claim or complaint from the consumer and must respond to it within fifteen (15) calendar days, which cannot be extended.
2022年3月22日公布的第31435號(hào)法律修訂了《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》，縮短了處理消費(fèi)者索賠和投訴的期限。供應(yīng)商必須處理消費(fèi)者的索賠或投訴，并且要在十五（15）個(gè)日歷日內(nèi)（不能延期）做出回復(fù)。
The attention of the claims cannot be subject to any payment made by the consumer (nor to the effective purchase of the good or service object of the claim).
索賠不取決于消費(fèi)者是否付款（也不取決于是否有效地購買了索賠涉及的商品或服務(wù)）。
All suppliers that carry out economic activities in establishments open to the public are required to have a Complaints Book.
所有在公眾商業(yè)場(chǎng)所開展經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的供應(yīng)商都需要建立投訴記錄。
The complaints book is a document of a physical or virtual nature provided by suppliers in which consumers register their claims or complaints about the products or services offered in a particular commercial establishment.
投訴記錄是由供應(yīng)商提供的物理或虛擬文件，消費(fèi)者在投訴記錄中登記其對(duì)特定商業(yè)場(chǎng)所中提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的索賠或投訴。
A claim is filed when the consumer expresses a disagreement related to the goods or services provided. On the other hand, a complaint is filed when the consumer expresses a disagreement that is not related to the goods sold or supplied or the services provided.
消費(fèi)者的不滿意是與所提供的商品或服務(wù)相關(guān)時(shí)，可以提出索賠。另一方面，當(dāng)消費(fèi)者的不滿意與所銷售或提供的商品或服務(wù)不相關(guān)的，可以提出投訴。
Each of the commercial establishments (physical or virtual) open to the public must have a Book, which must be in a visible place on the premises and easily accessible to the public and with a Notice indicating its existence. The Book must follow the format approved by Indecopi, which is included as ANNEX 2 of Supreme Decree No. 011-2011-PCM.
向公眾開放的商業(yè)場(chǎng)所（無論是實(shí)體的還是虛擬的）都必須設(shè)置投訴記錄，該投訴記錄必須放置在場(chǎng)所的醒目位置，便于公眾查閱，并附有一份設(shè)置通知。投訴簿必須采用 Indecopi批準(zhǔn)的格式，該格式作為附件2規(guī)定在最高法令第011-2011- PCM號(hào)文件中。
5. SANCTIONS FOR NON-COMPLIANCE 對(duì)不遵守規(guī)定的制裁
According to the Consumer Protection and Defense Code, failure to comply with its provisions could be sanctioned with the following:
根據(jù)《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》，不遵守規(guī)定將受到以下制裁：
i) Pecuniary sanctions: from a warning (without a monetary fine) to a fine of up to 450 UIT (US$520,000.00 approximately) depending on the infraction.
經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁：根據(jù)違規(guī)情況，從警告（非罰款）到最高達(dá)450 UIT（約520,000.00美元）的罰款。
ii) Precautionary measures: these measures may be ordered at any stage of the proceedings. These are, for example, the cessation of the infringing action, the closure of an establishment, the prohibition of a website, the immobilization of assets, etc.
預(yù)防措施：法院可以在審理的任何階段命令采取停止侵權(quán)行為，停止?fàn)I業(yè)，關(guān)閉網(wǎng)站，凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)等措施。
(iii) Corrective remedial measures: these measures are intended to compensate for any monetary damages.
糾正措施：為了補(bǔ)償經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的措施。
iv) Paid or a measure is not complied with, additional sanctions may be ordered.
如果一項(xiàng)措施未得到執(zhí)行或未得到遵守，法院將發(fā)布命令實(shí)施額外制裁。
I. UNFAIR COMPETITION AND ADVERTISING 不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和廣告
Legislative Decree No. 1044, Law for the Repression of Unfair Competition, regulates acts of unfair competition, which include acts that are configured through advertising.
《制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》第1044號(hào)法令對(duì)不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為進(jìn)行規(guī)制，其中包括通過廣告進(jìn)行不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行為。
The referred rule applies to those acts whose effects or purpose, directly or indirectly, is to compete in the market. It also applies to any act of unfair competition that produces or may produce effects in all or part of the national territory, even if such act has originated abroad.
上述規(guī)則適用于效果或目的是為了直接或間接地在市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行為。該法還適用于在全部或部分國家領(lǐng)土內(nèi)產(chǎn)生或可能產(chǎn)生影響的任何不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為，即使該行為起源于國外。
The Commission for the Control of Unfair Competition of INDECOPI is the national administrative entity responsible for the verification of compliance with the rules governing acts of unfair competition and advertising activity. Its decisions may be appealed before the Antitrust Chamber, which resolves in the second and final administrative instance.
INDECOPI反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)委員會(huì)是國家的行政實(shí)體，負(fù)責(zé)檢查關(guān)于不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為和廣告活動(dòng)的規(guī)則遵守情況。委員會(huì)的決定可以向反壟斷委員會(huì)提起上訴，反壟斷委員會(huì)將在行政二審中作出最終裁決。
The Law for Repression of Unfair Competition is applicable to any person, natural or juridical, that competes in the market offering or demanding goods or services.
《制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》適用于任何在供應(yīng)和需求商品或服務(wù)市場(chǎng)中進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的個(gè)體或法人。
It should be noted that advertising does not require prior authorization or supervision by the authority for its dissemination. The supervision of compliance with the rules regulating advertising will be carried out once the advertisement has been disseminated in the market.
值得注意的是，廣告的發(fā)布不需要事先授權(quán)或由主管部門監(jiān)督。對(duì)于在市場(chǎng)上發(fā)布的廣告，其廣告遵守的情況會(huì)被監(jiān)督。
The evaluation by the authority of an advertisement is made in a comprehensive manner, that is to say, on the whole content of the advertisement, including words, images, sounds, among others, considering that the addressee of the advertisement makes a comprehensive and superficial analysis of the advertisement. In the case of an advertising campaign, all the pieces that compose it will be analyzed as a whole.
考慮到廣告的受眾會(huì)對(duì)廣告進(jìn)行全面而表層的分析，權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)當(dāng)全面，也就是說，要對(duì)廣告的全部?jī)?nèi)容（包括文字、圖像、聲音等）進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。在廣告宣傳的時(shí)候，所有廣告的組成部分將被作為一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行分析。
The responsibility for proving the truthfulness and accuracy of the objective statements disseminated in the market with respect to certain goods or services lies with the person who has disseminated such statements in its capacity as advertiser.
發(fā)布廣告的廣告主有責(zé)任證明在市場(chǎng)上發(fā)布的商品或服務(wù)的陳述，是客觀、真實(shí)和準(zhǔn)確的。
The Law for the Repression of Unfair Competition includes an enunciative (not exhaustive) list of acts that are considered as acts of unfair competition.
《制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》列舉了幾類不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行為。
The administrative liability arising from the commission of acts of unfair competition through advertising corresponds, in all cases, to the advertiser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the media shall also be administratively liable for the commission of acts of unfair competition that infringe broadcasting rules that regulate, condition or prohibit the communication of certain contents or the advertising of certain types of products. This liability is independent of the liability of the advertiser. Additionally, the advertising agency will also be administratively liable when the commission of acts of unfair competition is generated by an advertising content different from the characteristics of the advertised good or service. This liability is also independent from that of the advertiser.
通過廣告實(shí)施不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為所產(chǎn)生的行政責(zé)任，在所有情況下都應(yīng)由廣告主承擔(dān)。盡管如此，如果媒體實(shí)施了不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為，例如違反了管理、限制或禁止傳播某種內(nèi)容或播放某種產(chǎn)品廣告的播放規(guī)則，媒體也應(yīng)承擔(dān)行政責(zé)任。這種責(zé)任獨(dú)立于廣告主的責(zé)任。此外，如果實(shí)施不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為是由于廣告內(nèi)容與商品或服務(wù)特性不一致所產(chǎn)生的，廣告機(jī)構(gòu)也應(yīng)承擔(dān)行政責(zé)任。這種責(zé)任也獨(dú)立于廣告主的責(zé)任。
In accordance with the provisions of the Law for the Repression of Unfair Competition, the contravention of any of the provisions set forth therein may be sanctioned according to the following detail:
根據(jù)《制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》的規(guī)定，違反該法任何條款可按以下細(xì)則予以處罰：
(i) Financial sanctions: from a reprimand to a fine, depending on the type of infringement: (a) minor infringement that did not have any real effect on the market: a reprimand; (b) minor infringement: up to 50 UIT (US$ 65,500 approximately); (c) serious infringement: up to 250 UIT (US$ 327,500 approximately); and, (d) very serious infringement: up to 700 UIT (US$ 920,000 approximately).
經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁：從申誡到罰款，取決于侵權(quán)的類型：（a）對(duì)市場(chǎng)沒有任何實(shí)際影響的輕微侵權(quán)：申誡；（b）輕微侵權(quán)：不超過50 UIT（約合65,500美元）;（c）嚴(yán)重侵權(quán)：不超過250 UIT（約合327,500美元）；和（d）非常嚴(yán)重侵權(quán)：不超過700 UIT（約合920,000美元）。
For purposes of determining the seriousness of the infraction and the application of the corresponding fines, the Commission shall take into account the following criteria:
為確定違法的嚴(yán)重性和適用相應(yīng)的罰款，委員會(huì)將考慮以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
a) The illicit benefit resulting from the commission of the infraction; 違法行為所產(chǎn)生的非法利益；
b) The probability of detection of the infringement; 發(fā)現(xiàn)侵權(quán)的可能性；
c) The modality and scope of the act of unfair competition; 不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的形式和范圍；
d) The size of the market concerned; 相關(guān)市場(chǎng)的大小；
e) The market share of the infringer; 侵權(quán)人的市場(chǎng)份額；
f) The effect of the act of unfair competition on actual or potential competitors, on other agents participating in the competitive process and on consumers or users; 不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為對(duì)實(shí)際或潛在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者、參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過程的其他經(jīng)營者、消費(fèi)者或用戶的影響；
g) The duration in time of the act of unfair competition; and, 不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為持續(xù)的時(shí)間；和
h) The recidivism or reiteration in the commission of an act of unfair competition.再次或重復(fù)實(shí)施不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為。
(ii) Precautionary measures: measures intended to ensure the effectiveness of the final decision and prevent further damage to the concerned party. Among these measures are: the cessation of the infringing act, the confiscation and/or immobilization of the infringing products, the temporary closure of the establishment, among others.
預(yù)防措施：為確保最終裁決的有效性和防止對(duì)當(dāng)事人造成進(jìn)一步損害而采取的措施。這些措施包括：停止侵權(quán)行為、沒收和/或銷毀侵權(quán)產(chǎn)品、暫時(shí)停業(yè)以及其他措施。
(iii) Corrective measures: are those measures whose purpose is to reestablish fair competition in the market. These measures include the cessation of the infringing act, the removal of the effects produced by the infringing act, the confiscation and/or destruction of the infringing products, the temporary closing of the establishment, the rectification of misleading information, the publication of the conviction, among others.
糾正措施：為重建公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境而采取的措施。這些措施包括：停止侵權(quán)行為、消除侵權(quán)行為的影響、沒收和/或銷毀侵權(quán)產(chǎn)品、暫時(shí)停業(yè)、更正誤導(dǎo)信息、公布違法結(jié)果，以及其他措施。
(iv) Fines for non-compliance: if the fine imposed or any of the ordered precautionary or corrective measures are not paid, additional sanctions may be imposed.
對(duì)違法行為的罰款：如已處罰款或被責(zé)令采取預(yù)防或糾正措施而不履行，可采取額外處罰措施。
